Marriot and Body Shop Aims and Objectives Essay Example for Free

Marriot and Body Shop Aims and Objectives Essay introduction Marriot is an international brand however the purpose of this controlled assessment, they will be my local business known as London Heathrow Marriott-LHM. Marriott is currently a private limited company (PLC) and has two other private investors as owners of the company. The Marriott hotel was founded in 1993 and is located in Harlington, Hayes. Currently its labour turnover for the month of September (2010) is an increase of 10.1%. Marriott acquires approximately 133,000 employee’s world wide and between 8,000-9,000 employees in the UK. My other local business is The Body shop. The Body Shop is an international business Definition of Aims The long-term goals a business wants to achieve. Goals that a business wants to achieve to be successful. Explain what aims are Definition of objectives The specific steps taken by a business to achieve a goal Objectives have to S.M.A.R.T, this stands for: * Specific * Measurable * Achievable * Realistic * Time Marriott’s aims * Guest Satisfaction Superiority * Marriott Profitability Owner Return on Investment * Associate Satisfaction Marriott’s objectives * GSS (Customer Target) 75% (satisfied with overall service) * Sales turnover of  £20m per annum * Labour turnover less than or equal to 25% Summarising Marriott’s aims and objectives Marriot have set themselves three aims that they hope to achieve. These three aims vary from making a profit on their investment to guest and employee satisfaction. Marriott’s first aim and objective focuses on customer satisfaction. They are going to meet this goal by being customer focused and meeting customer needs. To achieve this they will do everything in their power to keep their customers happy to give recommendations to other people and for them to keep coming back to their hotel. They need to deliver the â€Å"wow factor† by providing the best quality of service. They intend to meet this aim by encouraging their guests to complete a â€Å"Guest Satisfaction Survey†. To achieve their aim they need 75% of their customers to be satisfied. The management team reviews all these surveys to find out what they need to improve on to make the hotel and make it the best in the industry. They also focus on associate satisfaction which focuses on the employees. They are striving for labour turnover less than or equal to 25% therefore Marriott hope not to lose more than 1 in 4 of their employees. They aim to make employees satisfied by ensuring their staff is happy. They will achieve this aim by motivating their staff and rewarding them with staff benefits for example LHM offer â€Å"Valuable room rate, food and beverage, and retail discounts at global Marriott locations.† This gives the employees the feeling that Marriott cares about them. Also the amount of pay that is offered by Marriott is higher than most equivalent jobs. This makes the employees want to stay as they know that there is a very slim chance that they will find this amount of pay anywhere else, or they may not get the same amount of bonuses-motivating them to do better- The want the communication between the staff and Marriott management to be strong as this gives the employees the sense that they are involved within the business. Their third aim and objective focuses on Income and money made. Marriott want to make a profit and have a sales turnover of  £20m per annum. By doing this they will be able to maintain share prices and reward shareholders with dividends. Furthermore they will be able to do this by increasing sales revenue for this hotel. This has been set out by the management senior Marriott personnel in the US. The will achieve this by providing the best quality of service. body shopAims * Leading business in the beauty industry * Fair trade * Protect human rights – customers and staff * Protect the Environment and planet body shop objectives * Continue to grow by maximizing sales * All our suppliers have signed the Code of conduct supporting ethical, fair trade program. * Improving working conditions for body shop employees and protecting their Human rights * Every product packaging is made from 100% recycled materials Summary of the body shop aims and objectives

Review of How We Do Harm by Otis Brawley and Paul Goldberger

Review of How We Do Harm by Otis Brawley and Paul Goldberger In America, there is an underlying assumption that medical professionals placing their patients care above all else. We believe that our physicians follow important concepts such as the principle of beneficence, and the principle of nonmaleficence. Yet in the book How We Do Harm, Brawley introduces his readers to the back rooms and the unknown conversations of those in who are a part of the medical profession. This insiders perspective is Brawley’s (and his co-author) real genius, the ways he makes makes what could otherwise be an esoteric and dense topic become an enjoyable book. Though a joke about how important money is to the american medical system A Wallet Biopsy, its one that is important because if you can afford the best care,get the best care. If however, you cannot get good care, you get the a bare minimum of care. Yet Brawley does not make this a purely socialist critique. In many ways, Brawley acknowledges that wealth can cause its own problems in America. Patients with sufficient wealth often demand treatment that borders on irrational, and for those with means finding a doctor willing to satisfy their concerns is not hard. The reason for this treatment seeking behavior, is that the American healthcare system is not design to prevent elective treatments which are not only not necessary but also often quite expensive. Yet the doctors are not dupes and the reason why there is always a doctor willing to give into to the demands of patients providing they can pay the costs. Yet at the same time Brawley is not seeking to place physicians on a pedestal who can do no harm. Brawley introduces us to two different but equally heartbreaking cases Helen and Lillia. Helen’s story is a used has an exemplar of the â€Å"more is better† philosophy Brawley sees as endemic in the medical community. After having a mastectomy lump, her oncologist She was â€Å"offered† post surgical chemotherapy. Her oncologist explained that a stronger dose is better than a weaker dose. â€Å"More is better† notes Brawley had been the fallback strategy for oncology since the 1950s with the general opinion being that , more chemotherapy translated to greater the more effectiveness. Yet for Brawley this approach is not the real tragedy of Helens story is that she was recommended a autologous bone marrow transplantation since her insurance company will pay for more of the costs of the transplant and chemotherapy (page 32). As a result of this treatment, Helen experienced far more severe complications than expected and ultimately these complications kept her in the hospital for five months and is then transferred to a rehabilitation hospital. Taken altogether this â€Å"recommended† procedure cost her a year of her life. Then three years later, Helen discovers that this painful experience had no demonstrable effect in improving survival. When Helen asked her oncologist , her oncologist responds â€Å"this was what everybody was doing at the time.† Brawley does points out that Helen is not alone as between 1989 and 2001 at least 23000 women might ha In the second case, Lilla Romeo was first diagnosed with breast cancer (Stage 1) in 1995. She had surgery followed by radiation. Five years after the initial diagnosis, a routine scan (how many scans did she have in the 5 years?) showed the disease had returned. The doctors told her that â€Å"the prognosis turned grim†¦the cancer was incurable, and the goal of treatment was to delay the inevitable.† So Lilla was persuaded, and started non-stop chemotherapy (page 71). In 2003, Lilla remembered an oncology nurse at the New York University Medical asked if she was feeling tired and with a hemoglobin reading just under ten, she was â€Å"suggested and offered† cancer-fatigue drugs (at that time, the popular one was Procrit by JJ) In 2004, she was told that the hospital had switched from Procrit to another drug, Aranesp (manufactured by AMGEN), which caused a burning sensation under her stain at the injection site (page 79). In 2010, when she requested copies of her medical records from the doctors who had treated her, Lilla learned that she had received a lot more Procrit and Aranesp than she knew. Her first dose was administered on 1/11/2001 and then almost weekly thereafter. Altogether, she was given 221 1/2 doses. When Lilla was started on the hemoglobin-building drugs (also known as ESAs), little did she know that the drug companies manufactured a medical condition: cancer fatigue. She also had no idea that â€Å"her infusion was the front-row seat for observing a spectacular, indeed, cataclysmic, failure in medicine.† Dr Brawley strongly believed that these drugs have shortened Lilla’s life. She died on June 9, 2010 at the age of 63 (Just before her death, Lilla was suggested and given â€Å"Avastin†!!) Finally, there is the case of Ralph DeAngelo, who was prescribed aggressive prostate cancer treatment after a positive prostatic specific antigen (PSA) screening. Unfortunately for Ralph DeAngelo, PSA screening has lead to financial gain to many medical businesses, but Ralph DeAngelo ended-up incontinent, sexually impotent, and with a rectal fistula into the bladder (Brawley Goldberg, 2011, pp.215-230). It was very eye-opening to find out that physicians may sometimes prescribe experimental drugs to patients with little or no detailed information or informed consent about the potential side effects and the eventual lack of thorough trial studies on a given drug. It was also sad to be reminded that the American healthcare system lacks good use of its resources. This is particularly true for the â€Å"working-poors† who lack proper access to healthcare. By the time they qualify for Medicaid, they are so sick that their situation is so dire that it’s likely to have a negative outcome. Finally, it was disconcerting to find out that physicians may prescribe some expensive and potentially harmful screenings to patients for their sole financial gains. Part III: Corroboration. Studies have shown that despite the advances made in the war against cancer, there are many disparities in the delivery of care, based on factors such as race, income, and geographic area. Many patients report problems such as lack of insurance, high co-payment for prescription drugs and transportation issues. In addition, African-Americans are more likely to be diagnosed of advance stage cancer than Caucasians (Schwaderer Itano, 2007). In addition, despites their widespread use, some screening tests such as the PSA have shown some limitations. About 75 percent of positive PSA test are false positive, which may be associated with psychological harm more than a year after the test. In addition, diagnostic testing and aggressive treatment of a non life threatening prostate cancer may result in adverse consequences such as erectile dysfunction, incontinence, and even patient’s death (Slatkoff, Gamboa, Zolotor, Mounsey Jones, 2011). Shortly after he turned 70, Mr. Ralph De Angelo, a retired department–store manager in the heart of black America, saw a newspaper advertisement that claimed that prostate cancer screening saves lives. The advertisement also mentioned that 95% of men diagnosed with localized disease are cured. The following is the tragic story of Mr. De Angelo after his prostate screening and how unnecessary harm can be done to those who go for screening of the prostate, breast, etc. This is a classic example of collateral damage (due to overtreatment) described in the book â€Å"HOW WE DO HARM† by Dr Otis Webb Brawley, MD a medical oncologist and Executive Vice President of the American Cancer Society. In 2005, Mr. De Angelo, after his prostate screening, was diagnosed with prostate cancer, with a PSA reading of 4.3 ng/ml (just 0.3 above is considered normal). He was urged to have a biopsy. Two of the 12 biopsies showed cancer. The Gleason score was 3 plus 3 which is associated with the most commonly diagnosed and most commonly treated form of prostate cancer. There is no way to know whether a patient with this diagnosis will develop metastatic disease or live a normal life unaffected by the disease. With this uncertainty, Mr. De Angelo was persuaded by his urologist to perform a radical robotic prostatectomy which he (the urologist) thought was the gold standard of care. After the operation, he was told he had a small tumour 5mm by 5mm x 6mm in a moderate size (50cc) prostate. The tumour was all in the right side of the prostate. This means that the tumor didn’t appear highly aggressive under the microscope. Good news? Unfortunately, Ralph realized that he was then incontinent. Three months later, the incontinence was still there and he had to wear pampers continuously. Besides incontinence, Ralph was also impotent and given Viagra. With a lingering 0.95 ng/ml (even though his prostate has been removed), a radiation oncologist suggested â€Å"salvage radiation therapy† to the pelvis. Four weeks into the radiation, Ralph saw blood in his stool. This was due to radiation proctitis, i.e. radiation damage to the rectum. He continued having incontinence, but also developed a burning sensation upon urination. Later, Mr. De Angelo stopped his radiation with one more week to go. For the rectal proctitis, he went to a gastroenterologist, who prescribed steroids in rectal foam that he had to put up his rectum four times a day. About three weeks after stopping the radiation, Mr. De Angelo realised that whenever he passed gas, some of it came out of his urethra. He also sensed liquid from his rectum soiling his diapers. He was confirmed having a rectal fistula into the bladder†¦there was a hole between Ralph’s rectum and his bladder. After several urinary infections and when the fistula didn’t seem to be healing, he had to see a GI surgeon. He performed a colostomy to keep stool off the inflamed rectum and the hole into the bladder. The next step was an ureterostomy, a surgery that will bring urine to abdominal wall and collect it in a bag, just like his bowel movements. In Dec 2009, Mr. De Angelo’s daughter called Dr Brawley to inform that her father had â€Å"urinary tract infection† which later progressed to sepsis, a widespread bacterial infection in the blood. On the fifth day of hospitalisation, Ralph passed away (only 4 years from diagnosis). Interestingly†¦Ã¢â‚¬ the death certificate reads that death was caused by a urinary tract infection. It doesn’t mention that the urinary tract infection was due to his prostate-cancer treatment and a radiation-induced fistula†¦.Mr. De Angelo’s death will not be considered a death due to prostate cancer, even though his death was caused by the cure. In conclusion, Dr Brawley strongly believed that†¦ â€Å"the majority of these men, who are treated with radiation or hormones or both, got no benefit from treatment. They get only the side effects including those that Mr. De Angelo had: proctitis i.e. inflammation and bleeding from the rectum, cystitis, burning sensation on urination and a feeling of urgency, a rectal fistula in which bowels and bladder are connected. The side effects of hormones can be diabetes, cardiac diseases, osteoporosis, and muscle loss. In the case of Mr. Ralph De Angelo, both the surgeon and the radiation oncologist got paid handsomely. They both likely thought they were doing the right thing. However, Ralph got the side effects, and his quality of life was destroyed (too much collateral damage?). One parting remark by Dr Otis Webb Brawley which is very relevant to this article: â€Å"Prostate-cancer screening and aggressive treatment may save lives, but it definitely sells adult diapers â€Å" Part IV: Practice Application. After reading How We Do Harm, I think that it would affect my nursing practice in many ways. As healthcare professional, this book reminds me of the importance of staying current with my nursing knowledge through continuing education, and reading resources from organizations such as the Mayo Clinic, the American Nurses’ Association and the Center for Diseases Control and Prevention. In addition, as patient advocate, this book reinforces my desire to empower all patients under my care, so that they may be active partners in their healthcare. More than ever, I will encourage my patients to educate themselves on their diseases; in addition, I will encourage my patients to learn more about all treatments options so that they may make the best choice for their healthcare. How American Medicine Does Harm To Patients With powerful incentives set in motion, many hospitals and oncology practices in the US instructed nurses to ask leading questions about â€Å"fatigue† with the intent of expanding sales to a growing number of patients and upping the dosage to each patient. This is referred to as â€Å"an ESA treatment opportunity† (ESA means erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, drugs used to overcome fatigue, low blood counts). (page 85). To increase their earnings, drug companies and doctors set out on a search for treatment opportunities, often forgetting about the sacred trust between doctors and patients (page 85). The exact magnitude of harm is harder to gauge†¦most of the money was spent on drugs (e.g. ESAs) that were prescribed for the wrong reasons and under false, manufactured pretences. These drugs were not used to cure disease or make patients feel better. They were used to make money for doctors and pharmaceutical companies at the expense of patients, insurance companies†¦the technical term for this is overtreatment and overtreatment equals harm (page 97). Doctors do some horrible, irrational things under the guise of seeking to benefit patients†¦.For example offering a bone marrow transplant for a breast cancer patient, prophylactic doses of ESA drugs†¦these are only a few examples. The system rewards us for selling our goods and services, and we play the game (page 122). You don’t deviate from the science. You don’t make it up as you are going along. You have to have a reason to give the drugs you are giving. You have to tell the patients the truth (page 145). Commenting further on ESA drugs, some doctors didn’t bother to check what the patient’s haemoglobin was and erred on the side of giving the ESA every time they give chemotherapy. Doctors routinely prescribed the drugs for uses, in which it had not been studied-such as anaemia caused by cancer itself, as opposed to anaemia caused by chemotherapy (page 78). †¦.Doctors try out things just to see whether they will work (page 160) Earlier in the book (page 29), Dr Brawley mentioned that â€Å"A hospital was the place where they withheld treatment or where they tried things on you without telling you what they were doing and why (page 29/30). When a drug succeeds in controlling cancer, we learn about it at conferences and in scientific journals. Stories of our fiascos, though no less instructive, are almost invisible, especially if there are cautionary tales that lay bare the fundamental flaws in the system (page 157). Cancer is hard to understand, and yet doctors rush patients (page 182). Survival measures time that elapses after diagnosis. By diagnosing a cancer earlier, survival rates are increased. The more you diagnose, the more you push up survival (page 193). Somewhere along the way, we have been conditioned to believe that a new treatment is always better (page 197) A new drug must be better than the old. A new medical device must also be better (page 202). Inappropriate use of certain drugs can be attributed to the profit motive. A recent study of prescribing pattern demonstrated that as soon as the profit motive weakened, inappropriate prescribing of these drugs dropped (page 197). The overuse of radiologic imaging is a major problem†¦..†up to one-third of radiologic imaging tests are unnecessary. This is a serious problem, not just because these tests are expensive, but because they expose the patient to radiation that can cause cancer. Some have estimated that 1% of cancers in the United States are caused by radiation from medical imaging† (page 202). Even when administered properly, cancer drugs can bring the patient to the brink of death. An overdose can easily push him off the cliff (page 279). Much of the money currently spent on healthcare (in the US) is money wasted on unnecessary and harmful, sick care. Even for the sick, a lot of necessary care is not given at the appropriate time. The result is more expensive care given later (page 281). The medical profession frequently allows bad doctors to continue to practice. The profession doesn’t police itself. Chalk it all up to apathy. Or ignorance (page 282). Many physicians are ignorant of some aspects of the field of medicine in which they practice. They tend to think the newer pill or newer treatment must be better because it is new. Ignorance is a failure to think deeply. It is a failure to be inquisitive. It is a failure to keep an open mind (page 282). Dr Brawley’s most direct critique of our healthcare system â€Å".†America does not have a health-care system. We have a sick-care system†.

Analysis Of The Movie Fast Five

Analysis Of The Movie Fast Five Fast Five is also known as Fast Furious 5 or Fast Furious 5: Rio Heist which was written by Chris Morgan and directed by Justin Lin. It is the fifth instalment in the Fast and the Furious movie series. It was released in Malaysia on 5th May 2011. The characters in the movie are Dominic Toretto (Vin Diesel), Brian OConner (Paul Walker), Mia Toretto (Jordana Brewster), Gisele Harabo (Gal Gadot), Han Lue (Sung Kang), Elena Neves (Elsa Pataky), Monica Fuentes, Roman Pearce (Tyrese Gibson), Luke Hobbs (Dwanyne Johnson), Hernan Reyes (Joaquim de Almeida), Tej Parker (Ludacris), Zizi (Michael Irby), Tego Leo (Tego Calderon), Vince (Matt Schulze) , Rico Santos (Don Omar). Fast five was the fifth highest grossing movie in Malaysia movie industry for the year 2011 that made RM 16,535,815. Basically, this movie was on a budget of $125 million and the shooting of Fast Five had started by July 14, 2010. Basically the main location of shooting was in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The reasons we choose this movie is to review the good values that contained in the movie. We watched that movie before and we find it very interesting as the movie involved in situations that relate to our reality life for example, case of bribery and gambling. Furthermore, this movie valued a good relationship between siblings; between brother and sister (Dominic Toretto and Mia Toretto) and among their friends as well. Other than that, most values in this movie are related to this course, organizational behaviour. For example, they are using decision making to make decision. Besides, they applied team work to complete their mission. Each of the team members has their own role to make their mission success. ANALYSIS OF THE MOVIE FAST FIVE Main Storyline The story starts when Dominic Toretto is confirmed to be in jail for his previous wrong doings. When he is being transported to Lompoc Maximum Security Prison by bus, his sister Mia Toretto and friend Brian OConner lead an assault on the bus and causing the bas to crash with their cars hence freeing Dom. After the incidence, the authorities search for them and the trio escapes to Rio de Janeiro. In a meanwhile, Mia and Brian look for their friend, Vince on a job to steal three cars from a train. At the Vinces house, Mia found out that she is pregnant Brians child. The next day, Brian and Mia discover that agents from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) are also on the train and that the cars are seized property. When Dom arrives with the rest of the participants, they start to steal the car. The conflict begins when Dominic realizes that one of the participants, Zizi, is only interested in stealing one car, a Ford GT40. Dom quickly made a decision as he orders Mia to drive the car and change their plan. After Mia has driven the car, Dominic and Brian fight with Zizi and Zizis friend. Later, Zizi kills the DEA agents assigned to the vehicles and Dominic take this opportunity to escape and he is succeed; however Dom and Brian are captured and brought to crime lord Hernan Reyes, the owner of the cars and Zizis boss. Reyes orders his men to interrogate them to discove r the location of the car, but they manage to escape and return to their safe house. Dom found out that the car Ford GT40 is very important to Reyes and they try to discover its importance. At the same time, Vince arrives to their safe house and later he is caught trying to remove a computer chip from the car and Dom saw it. Vince said he will sell the chip to Reyes on his own and get things clear with Reyes but Dom forces him to leave. Brian investigates the chip and he discovers that the chip contains details of Reyes criminal empire, including the locations of US$100 million in cash. Next, the murder of the DEA agents aboard the train is been blamed on Dom and his team. Diplomatic Security Service (DSS), agent Luke Hobbs Chief of Police and his team arrive in Rio and want to arrest Dom and Brian. With the help of local officer, Elena Neves, they travel to Doms safe house. At the same time, Reyes men also attack them. Brian, Dom and Mia escape successfully. Dom suggests they split up and leave Rio, but Mia announces she is pregnant Brians child. Dom agrees to stick together and suggests they steal Reyes money to start a new life. Later, Dom, Brian and Mia organize a team to perform the heist, recruiting Han Seoul-Oh, Roman Pearce, Tej Parker, Gisele Yashar, Leo and Santos. Vince later joins the team after saving Mia from being captured by Reyes men and earning Doms trust once more. Agent Hobbs and his team eventually find and arrest Dom, Mia, Brian and Vince. While transporting them to the airport for extradition to the United States, the convoy is attacked by Reyes men, who kill Hobbs team. Hobbs and Elena are saved by Dom, Brian, Mia and Vince as they fight back against Reyes men and escape, but Vince is shot in the process and he dies. Wanting to avenge his murdered team, agent Hobbs and Elena agree to help them with the heist. The gang plans how to break into the police station where Reyes money is kept and tear the vault from the building using their cars. On the day planned, they manage to tear the vault and dragging it. As expected, the police pursuit them trough the city. Believing they cannot outrun the police, Dom makes Brian continue without him while he attacks the police and using the vault attached to his car to smash their vehicles. Reyes is dead by the smash of the vault. However, Zizi is still alive and a quick action by Brian, he manages to shoot Zizi. Agent Hobbs arrives on the scene. Agent Hobbs refuses to let Dom and Brian go free but, unwilling to arrest them, agrees to give them a 24-hour head start to escape. The gang splits Reyes money. Some of the amount is given to Vinces family as reward and as compensation of Vinces dead. Lastly, all the members go their separate ways and live with their own life freely. Main Characters Dominic Toretto Vin Diesel Character Dominic Toretto is portrayed by Vin Diesel. He is an elite street racer, auto mechanic, ex-convict and brother to Mia Toretto. Even though he is very rough but he loves his sister and gives her protection. In the movie, he is the leader of the gang which planned to reveal the corruption by Hernen Reyes and also plan how to break into the police station where Reyess corruption money is kept. Brian OConner Paul Walker Brian OConner is played by Paul Walker. Brian OConner leads an assault on the bus and causing the bas to crash with their cars hence freeing Dom. He is the fastest racer and during the heist of the vault, he is helping Dominic to tear the vault from the police station by his car and dragging the vault. He is a brave man. This shows when he bravely shoots Reyess men, Zizi. He is a loving man as well as he loves Mia so much and later at the end of the movie he lives happily with Mia is pregnant his child. Mia Toretto Jordana Brewster She is Dominics sister and Brians love interest. In this movie, she assists Dominics team in the heist by staying back at the base and monitors the traffic for them to avoid the police. Character Mia Toretto is portrayed by Jordana Brewster. Roman Pearce Tyrese Gibson Roman Pearce is portrayed by Tyrese Gibson. He is a childhood friend of Brian OConner. In Fast Five, Roman appears as part of Dominic and Brians in their attempt to steal a vault from a corrupt Brazilian businessman. He is reluctant at first, thinking the mission is personal and not being good business until Dominic utters the vault is full one hundred million dollars in cash which is enough to change his mind. In this movie, he is the most talkative and he went to the police station to send a robot as camera on how to steal the vault. Ludacris Tej Parker He is one of the Dominics team in stealing the vault. He is brilliant as he can solve the security code of the vault. Sung Kang Han Seoul-Oh He is one of the members of Dominics heist team to steal the vault. In Fast Five, he act as a precision driver and a chameleon. Gisele Harabo Gal Gadot. He is also one the members in Dominics heist team. Her role in this movie is she used to seduce the criminal corruptor, Hernan Reyes to get his hands print to open the vault later on. Luke Hobbs Dwayne Johnson He acts as an agent from DSS. His mission is to caught Dominic and his friends because they are suspecting of killing the DEA officer when they steal a luxurys car on the train. Later he realizes that Reyes is a corruptor only then help Dominic and the gang. Elena Neves Elsa Pataky She is helping agent Hobbs to catch Dominic and his friends. Later, she also help Dominics team to steal the vault. Diversity The main characters in this movie are different from one another. The diversity in the characters can be seen in various aspects like genders, age, ethnicity and skill. Two of them are women while the others is men. In the team of Dominic Toretto, consists of two women and the rest is men. Although Mia and Gisela are women, they are welcomed to the group just like the men. They are not underestimating by the group and are given the tasks just like the men. There are also different stages of age. The characters are of the age between 20 to 40 years old. Dominic Toretto is the eldest among all members in the group. The characters also come from different background, race and ethnicity. Furthermore, they come from the various nations around the world for instance, United State of America, London and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In Fast Furious 5, the members are calling back from the place they belong to by Dom and OConner to accomplish a task. In addition, the characters in this movie have their own skill and talent. Dominic Toretto and Brian OConner is a street racer. They are very precision driver, do not crack under pressure and never lose. Han is someone who can blend in anywhere. Roman is a fast talker. He can do anything just according his way. The expert person in circuit goes to Tej. A woman with the expertise in dealing with utilities and weapons is Gisele who also someone who are not afraid to throw down her target. However, they are all same in talent and professionalism in driving. Besides that, Hobbs is acknowledged as the governments version of the best bounty hunter on the planet. Attitudes According the research in Organisation Behaviour, there are three major attitudes which are job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment. In the movie, the characters are having job satisfaction as they hold positive feelings about their job. Just like Hobbs, he is very exciting to do the job as he like his job so much. Although all of the case he faced is very challenging, he always committed to do it as he takes the difficulties positively. Job involvement can be seen in all the characters. Dom and friends are involved in the robbery of Reyess money because they feel that they are worth it if they do steal the money. They will get a lot of benefits compared to the degree of consequences that they may face if they are caught. Dom is a good leader which he involve all the members in decision making thus they feel that they are part of the task and team. In organisational commitment, the Doms friends are the good example. They have identified a particular team and its goal, so they decide to remain as a member and willingly to give a full effort to achieve the goal. It is where someone feels like he is belong to the organisation, he tend to stay longer in it. Similarly, Reyess followers also do the same thing. Emotions and Moods This action movie portrayed a lot of emotions and moods. The emotions that can be identified through the characters facial expression are anger, fear, happiness, hate, hope, joy and love. On the other hand, the basic moods consist of high positive affect and high negative effect. The scenes where Vince wants to steal the chip create anger and hate emotion in Dom. He feels very mad as he thinks Vince want to betray him. Fear of the money would be steal by Doms, Reyes try his best to put his box money in the safest place that is Police Station to make sure Doms cannot have it. Love is blossoms in three partners; Dom with Elina, OConner with Mia and Han with Gisela. This movie has a happy ending scene. Therefore, all characters are happy and enjoy their life meaningfully. In high positive effect, all characters are excited and alert to do their job. They are committed to finish the job until the end. The moods for high negative affect is when the situation are getting worst and tense at time the police ambush the place where Dom are hiding just after they has work on their first plan. Dom, Mia, OConner and Vince have been arrested at the moment. vi) Personality Types Four of main characters in this movie are Dominic, Brian OConner, Hernan Reyes and Agent L. Hobbs. Therefore, there is few personality types can be identified in those characters. The first one is Dominic, from MBTI concept, he can be classified as sensing as he prefers order and focus on details. This can be seen on how he made the strategy and choose who he needs to do the job before he started the robbery. Plus, it can be proved on how he collects the data in details. For example, to break into the police station, he made research how the police station looks like and where the vault is stored. Next, according to Big Five Personality Model (BFPM), he scores high on conscientiousness which he is shown as a very responsible, organized, dependable and persistent. As a leader, he leads the job very well and able to assign which person to their ability are. Most of the other members depend on him as the job is too risky, yet he is still able to gain trust from his members. Besides, he has a positive core self-evaluation. He knows he is effective, capable and he believes he can do the job very well despite the risk he is taking which is can be said as an ambitious goal, to rob $100 million from a very powerful man in Rio who is known to have lots of supporters. Moreover, he is willing to take risks and never fear of anything even when most of the members start to withdraw from the job, he is still standing firm with his decision to finish the job started. Second character is Brian OConner. From BFPM, he is considered as high on agreeableness that refers to an individuals propensity to defer to others. He is very cooperative and trusting. In whatever Dominics decision, he will always believe in him as if right-hand man of Dominic. Plus, just like Dom, he is also risk taking person. He grabs any chance to make sure the job done smoothly, he even risks his life to rob the vault and drive it on the street while followed by many police cars behind. Third character is Agent L. Hobbs, based on MBTI, he may fall into thinking person. While investigating of Dominic and the gang, he mostly uses reasons and logic to handle. In that movie, when he wants to know where is Dom, he asked his teammates to rebuild the car again as in logic, why would Dom break the cars as if Dom is searching something from that car and right as he guessed, Dom did take something from the car which is the chip. Besides, he can be classified as Machiavellianism as he said that he will use anything to get what he wants no matter at what costs. He is so determined to find Dom and asks his colleagues to search for any clues until he found Dom. Next, last character is Hernan Reyes. Based on BFPM, he scores low in emotional stability that he tends to be nervous, anxious, depressed and insecure. It can be proved when he asks his people to move all his money to be stored at one place after one of his ten houses has been robbed by Dom and the gang. Followed by emotions, he didnt think it carefully as what he did is already expected by Dom except the part that Reyes stores the money at police station. He is also can be categorized as Machiavellianism. In order to be very rich and has a lot of wealth, he will use any mean to meet the end. He will kill those who on his way and he even do illegal business such as drugs. Plus, in order to use the locals helps, he pretends to help them by giving what the local wants but then, he asks them to do many illegal works or threat to take back the facilities given. vii) Perceptual Biases Based on the movie, there are three biases that can be identified. The first one is overconfidence bias, it can be explained as someone who is too confident based on past success and believe that nothing will go wrong in their ways. From the movie, Dominic can be seen as someone who has the bias as he truly believes that everything is planned correctly and no problems will appear. Yet, when he started to do the job, before he could make it, Agent Hobbs come to his place and they start to fight. Though he already put the tracker on Agent L. Hobbs car, he didnt give a thought that what if Agent Hobbs realises there is a tracker on his car. So, thats when the only mistake occurs. Next bias identified is availability bias which has been done by Hernan Reyes. He thought that if he moves all the money to police station, the money will be secured because as people said, the last place criminals would be willing to go is police station. Therefore, based on that thought, he made that decision without thinking further that Dominic and the gang may be very determined which they are willing to take the risk to break into police station. The last bias is risk aversion. After being robbed at one of his cash houses and being told that he will come for more, Reyes without considering more, he decides to store all the money at the safest place he can think about which is at police station. This is because he does not want to take the risk to just let the money be without realizing his action is expected by Dominic. viii) Decision Making Process There are many decisions made in this movie. The first one is when Dom and Brian discussed and decides to rob Hernan Reyes. This is a big decision because this is a big job, to Rob the most powerful guy in Rio, Brazil. The decision is taken after they realize they have been chased by polices and they are in top list of wanted people. Therefore, for them to get out of that life and start a new one, they decide to do one last job but a very big one. Considering all the complexities to make the job done, they started to gather a team and call all the capable people from around the world. With a team of 9 people, each of them has expertise in own area. Dom is using rational model as he gathers a great deal of information about all the options and abilities they have. After identifying them, he started to get cars, mock-up the routes to the vault stored in police station. The second decision is made by Agent L. Hobbs when he decides to help the gang to get back at Hernan Reyes as he has killed many of his men. So, he wants to get revenge for that. But he should be thinking carefully about that as his main objective is to catch Dominic yet later he is on Dominics side. Plus, as a cop, to help criminal is against his oath. Therefore, the decision made can be classified as intuitive decision-making which is an unconscious process created out of distilled experience. To see his men died in front of his eyes, he may be unconsciously made that decision and it made that the decision is not rational. ix) Motivational Theories Motivation refers to the process by which a persons efforts are energized, directed, and sustained toward attaining goal. There are three elements on this definition which are energy, direction, and persistence. Among the motivational theories that were applied in this movie is reinforcement theory which says that the behaviour is a function of its consequences. The consequences that immediately follow behaviour and increase the probability that the behaviour will be repeated are called as reinforces. In Fast Five, it shows when Elena works as a translator in police station in Rio, Luke Hobbs chooses her as translator since she is one of the few incorruptible cops in Rio. In addition, she is motivated by the death of her beloved husband in previous movie, who was also a policeman before he was killed on her doorstep. Thus, the fact that the death of her husband is actually becomes a positive reinforcer for her to work as policeman in Rio. x) Teamwork There was a teamwork applied in this movie and I think the teamwork applied was an effective team. Teamwork is a group whose individual efforts result in performance that is greater than the sum of the individual inputs which able to generate positive synergy through coordinated effort. The effectiveness of the team can be seen through Team Effectiveness Model. It encompasses three elements which are context, team composition and team processes. The first contextual factor related to Fast Five is a climate of trust. Members of effective teams should trust each other. They also must exhibit trust in their leaders. Dominic Toretto who is a leader receives high degree of trust from his members including Brian OConner, Roman Pearce and other members. Interpersonal trust among team members facilitates cooperation and reduces the need to monitor each others behaviour. When team members believe they can trust each others in any kind of situation, they are more likely to take risks and expose vulnerabilities. For instance, there is a scene in Fast Five when Brian OConner needs to jump off from the train towards the car driven by Dominic Toretto in order to avoid bridge from being crashed. This kind of crisis does need a high degree of trust from Brian OConner to Dominic Toretto as it is quite risky. If there is less or no trust between each other, the possibility of Brian OConner to die is very high. Thus, the teamwork is less effec tive. The second contextual factor related to Fast Five is leadership and structure. If the team members cannot agree on who is to do what and ensure all members share the workload, team is dysfunctional. For instance, Domino Toretto has assigned specifics of work to each member and fits them all together to integrate individual skills required by leadership and structure. Since each of the members has variety of skills and capabilities to make the work done, Dominic Toretto plays a vital role to delegate responsibility to them, and plays a role as facilitator as well. This complies with multiteam systems which mean different teams need to coordinate their efforts to produce a desired outcome. The desired outcome in the movie is destroying the corruption made by a politician named Hermen Reyes. The first variable in team composition related to Fast Five is abilities of members. In this movie, each of the members has different abilities, knowledge and skills to perform their respective tasks. For example, Roman Pearce is a fast talker. In fact, he has skills to divert people when talking from revealing the real intention. It can be seen in the movie when he enters the police station to put the evidence box which is actually a controlled car. He is successful to divert the policeman to put the evidence box in the vault. The second variable in team composition related in Fast Five is diversity of members. The diversity is actually should be a good thing. It should benefit from differing perspectives. In Fast 5, there is team diversity which affects the team performance to make job done. The team shares a different demographic attribute such as sex, race and age. For instance, Han Seoul-Oh is a Korean guy comes all the way from Korea to join team with Dominic Toretto in Brazil which shows different race with other members. Proper leadership can improve the performance of diverse teams. Dominic Toretto provides an inspirational common goal for members with varying types of skills and knowledge making team more creative and able to achieve desired goal. The first process variable related to Fast Five is common plan and purpose. Effective teams begin by analyzing the teams mission, developing goals to achieve that mission, and creating strategies for achieving the goals. Dominic Toretto, Brian OConner and Mia Toretto have initially analyzing the plan and purpose of the mission before gathering the team members. They even create strategies so that the others members ready to understand the common plan and purpose as well as ready to take risk. They put a tremendous amount of time and effort to discuss, shape and agree on a purpose that belongs to them collectively and individually. The second process variable related to Fast Five is specific goals. The teamwork in this movie can be said as effective as the team is able to translate its common purpose into specific, measureable, and realistic performance goals. The goal of the team delegated by Dominic Toretto is to eliminate the corruption made by a politician named Hermen Reyes and reveal the hidden and illegal activity of distribution of drugs made by him. The goal is quite challenging as the team has to face the politician who has a strong position in the country. xi) Leadership Style Leadership can be defined as an ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals. The leaders that can be found in this movie are Dominic Toretto and Luke Hobbs. Dominic Toretto is a professional criminal and a leader of the team with Brian OConner, Mia Toretto and other members. He uses a transformational leadership style. In organizational term, transformational leaders inspire followers to transcend their own self-interests and who are capable of having a profound and extraordinary effect on their followers. Dominic Toretto uses this kind of leadership style as he pays attention to the concern and needs of his team members, change members awareness of problems by helping them look at old problems in new ways, and inspire team members to put out extra effort to achieve their goals. On top of that, this kind of leadership style is more effective compared to others and also it encourages other team members to follow them by being creative. Besides, Luke Hobbs can be considered as a leader among the cops. He leads other policemen to catch the most wanted professional criminals like Dominic Toretto and Brian OConner. It can be seen that he brings out a character of charismatic leadership style in the movie. In the point of organizational term, charismatic leadership theory can defined as followers make attributions of heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviours. Among the key characteristics of a charismatic leader are vision and articulation, personal risk, and unconventional behaviour. xii) Power and Influential Tactics Power or influential tactics that could be identified from this movie is that consultation. It happens when Dominic is giving an idea to his friends and how they are going to do it together in order to make the plan successful. All of them will have their own part in order to accomplish the job that they already to do it at the first stage. They all are given task based on their expertise such as good in circuit, fast talker, an expert driver and many more. Dominic get all of his teammates support by encouraging them that they are going to get US$ 100 million if the plan successful and every each one of them will get same amount from US$ 1oo million. This can be classified as exchange influential tactics, means rewarding the target with benefits or favors in exchange for following a request. Another one of power or influential tactics that applied in this movie is pressure. Hernen Reyes uses this tactics so that his worker will listen and obey to him. He likes to use harsh way in order to get what he wanted, thus make his follower afraid of him because he has power and money. He also will kill anybody that is not finishing what he asked for and when the task is not accomplished so that it will be a lesson to his follower. xiii) Conflicts Yes. The conflicts begin when one of the members, Roman Pearce does not want to get involved in the plan because he said it was a business but actually it was a plan to rob one of the richest men in the country that conduct a drug business but never get caught. The conflict resolution techniques that Dominic, Brian and Mia apply based on the movie is problem solving and also superordinate goals techniques. First, they invite and gather all of their friends that they feel reliable and suitable for the task and then face-to-face meeting of the conflicting parties for the purpose of identifying the problem and resolving it through open discussion. Next, after knew that the goal is to rob US$ 100 million in cash, the superordinate goals conflict resolution techniques take place when they are creating a shared goal that cannot be attained without the cooperation of each of the conflicting parties. It shows that everything can be done through negotiate if we do have skills about it. xiv) Organizational Change and Stress Management Yes. Dominic and the gang try to reveal the corruption by Hernen Reyes and they try to make changes in Rio. They also want to get a freedom for themselves. The tactics that they are used is to steal the vault from the corruptor Hernen Reyes placed at the police station. Even though the mission is totally wrong and against the principle of Islamic practice but they are still doing it to gain self satisfaction. The opposing party do not making any tactics as they do not expect Dominics team will steal his vault as the vault is placed in the police station. So the possibility for them to steal is very low. At the end, when the team is successfully steal the vault, Reyes and his men are chasing them as they expect they will get the vault back. At first, the team is giving up continuing their mission because they see their chances to success is very low but because of the external factor which they will get a big amount of money so they are courage to finish off their mission. The well-planned strategy makes them success in the end and the victory is by their side (Dominics team). LESSON LEARNT FROM THE MOVIE FAST FIVE Teamwork Based on the movie Fast Five, the gang was cooperating to achieve their objective which is to steal the corrupted money from the Hernen Reyes, the criminal empire, of US$100 million in cash. The gang breaks into the police station where Reyes money is kept and tears the vault from the building using their cars. They assigned each of one to do certain job. For example, Brian and Dom are assigned to tear the vault from the building and Mia is assigned to observe the traffic during the vault is being dragging along the stress to avoid police and Hernan Reyess team. Friendship In terms of friendship, there is a quote tells that, no matter how crazy things get among friends, they should stick together till the end of the time. In Fast Five, although there are a number of situations and things attack Dominic Toretto and Brian OConner, they still stick together in whatever kind of situations. In fact, it is because both of them stay side by side that they able to pull off such a big heist involved by a politicia

Women In Ballet Essay example -- essays research papers fc

Ballet is an art form born out of the expressionism and creativity of the Renaissance period (Kraus 63). From the first ballet performed in 1580 to the present, women have been portrayed as fragile and dependent on men. One such ballet is The Nutcracker in which the girl-heroine Clara relies on the Nutcracker to save her from the evil Mouse King. The first production of The Nutcracker was performed for critics, public figures, and members of high society and received lack luster reviews on December 17, 1892 (Anderson 40-52). The story opens in the parlor of a middle-class German family, the Stahlbaums, during a party on Christmas Eve. Excitement fills the air in anticipation of the night's festivities. The Stahlbaum children, shy Clara and her brother Fritz, are caught in the enchantment of the evening. Guests arrive and presents are exchanged; all this is a typical Christmas scene, until the magic begins. Drosselmeyer, Clara's godfather, arrives late with his nephew, a boy near Clara's age, and a nutcracker for Clara. Clara very much likes Drosselmeyer's charming and courteous nephew and is also fond of her strange new toy. With the last dance, the party is brought to an end. Clara, unable to sleep, creeps downstairs for one last look at her nutcracker. She falls asleep on the sofa holding the nutcracker in her arms. Clara is awakened to the peculiar sounds of scurrying and rustling. The Christmas tree lights have turned on again, as it grows bigger and bigger. All of the toys, including Clara's nutcracker, have come to life. Suddenly mice invade the room with intentions to rob and plunder. Under the leadership of the fearsome Mouse King, the mice begin to attack the dolls. The dolls retaliate under the leadership of the Nutcracker, but are unable to fight off their enemy. The Nutcracker, left unharmed, engages in a duel with the Mouse King. He appears to be losing when Clara throws her slipper at the Mouse King. This distracts the Mouse King enabling the Nutcracker to deal a final blow to the Mouse King. The mice scatter, and the toys are saved. The Nutcracker thanks Clara and is transformed into Drosselmeyer's nephew. He takes Clara to the palace in the Land of Sweets ruled by the Sugarplum Fairy. Young Drosselmeyer impresses the Sugarplum Fairy with his tale of the night's adventure. As a reward, she promises the children ... ...l that even in Clara's own dream she is being lead by the Nutcracker. This helps further display the belief that a woman not only needs but also wants a man to tell her what to do. Despite being an outdated story for our modern times, The Nutcracker remains a holiday favorite. Some could not imagine Christmas time without watching the dance of the Sugarplum Fairy or the battle of the Mouse King and The Nutcracker. Maybe it is the beautiful dancing, the magical Christmas scenes, or the romantic story, but no matter what, is seems The Nutcracker is here to stay. Bibliography Anderson, Jack. The Nutcracker Ballet. New York: Mayflower Books, 1979. Balanchine, George. Balanchine's Complete Stories of the Great Ballets. Garden City: Doubleday & Company, 1954. Banes, Sally. Dancing Women: Female bodies on stage. London: Routledge, 1998. Guest, Ivor. The Romantic Ballet in Paris. Middleton: Wesleyan UP, 1966. Kirstein, Lincoln. Four Centuries of Ballet: Fifty Masterworks. New York: General Publishing, 1970. Kraus, Richard. History of Dance. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1969. "The Nutcracker." International Dictionary of Ballet. 1993

Hunger :: essays research papers

Do You Think the Boy’s Mother Made the Proper Choice in Dealing with Her Son?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Richard Wright’s â€Å"Hunger†, a mother is forced with a difficult decision. Should she â€Å"baby† her child and prevent him from fighting, or should she encourage him to fight and â€Å"stand up like a man†? Unfortunately, the mother’s decision is a clear one. The mother tells the boy to stand up for himself and fight back.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story â€Å"Hunger† is a story with a very clear message. The message of this story is that a person at any age, instead of hiding from his problems, must face his or her problems. In â€Å"Hunger†, the reader understands how to make a living and support himself or herself. After the father of the boy leaves him, the boy and his mother had to become the householders. Wright, very clearly, describes the situation of the boy’s family situation. The main characters are the mother and her son.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The author of this story describes how the mother sends her son to the grocery store. On his way to the grocery store, the boy is attacked by a couple of neighborhood boys. When the boy comes home and tells his mother what happens, the mother tells the boy that he must stand up for himself by sending him to the store to face the boys. Every time the boy goes to the store, the neighborhood boys would beat him up. Finally, the boy got tired of getting beaten and defends himself: he beats the boys with a stick The boy finally wins â€Å"the right to the streets of Memphis† meaning that that night, he won the right of being safe on the streets of where he lived, Memphis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The mother plays a very important part in this story. The mother from the beginning of the story is dealt with a difficult decision of how to feed her 2 boys after her husband leaves her. Since the husband worked, he brought food into the house, but when he left, there was no one who worked. The mother had to get a job, which made her tired. When the mother came home from work tired, she would send the boy to the store. When the mother found out that the neighborhood boys were beating up her son, she repeatedly sent him to the store, so he faces the boys and learns to stand up for himself.

The Educational Connoisseurship Model of Elliot W Eisner

The American educator and philosopher of education Elliot W. Eisner is an ideal theorist to examine when determining the best ways, means, and measures to set standards for an elementary math school curriculum. Eisner was unapologetic in his demand for what he called the exercise of standards-based artistry and the development of connoisseurship in education, and for what some of his critics have called elitism in approaching the educational process. However, Eisner†s called for standards, although Eisner is particularly known for his work in arts education, makes his hands-on theories of education both useful and inspiring to elementary school math teachers. Eisner†s examination of process and the artistry of education in The Enlightened Eye proved that he was attempting extension of his thinking to qualitative research into education and to the sciences as well as humanities. To conceive of students as artists who do their art in science, in the arts, or the humanities, is, after all, both a daunting and a profound aspiration,† he wrote later on, but education is not an assembly line, rather â€Å"the field of education has much to learn from the arts about the practice of education. It is time to embrace a new model for improving our schools,† where the school functions as a laboratory of innovation and experimentation. For Eisner, â€Å"knowledge is an intensely variable and personal â€Å"event†, something acquired via a combination of one's senses – visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, gustatory – assembled according to a personal schema, and then made public – expressed, typically, by the same sensory modalities utilized in the initial acquisition. â€Å"(Lloyd-Zannini, 1998, cited by Smith, 2005) Again, this is an inspiration in particular for an elementary math school class for it stresses that learning must be experiential, exciting, yet still convey something beyond pure fun or feeling. Cooking to teach fractions followed by a test asking students to shrink or expand the recipe, to show that knowledge had been conveyed would be keeping with this approach. For Eisner, our ability to know is based in our ability to construct valuable and real-life meaning from experiences in a coherent fashion. Despite his advancement of the importance of connoisseurship and criticism, Eisner began his own education as a teacher in an egalitarian setting. While in college Elliot Eisner worked with African American boys in the American Boys Commonwealth in the neighborhood where he grew up. He said later that this confirmed his view that there must be a solid aesthetic behind art education and a better exploration of art†s historical context. Approaches which simply gave children arts materials in the hope that their creativity might flow resulted in programs â€Å"with little or no structure, limited artistic content and few meaningful aims† and were ultimately patronizing in their approach to students ability to gain useful knowledge that would gain them advancement in life. (Smith, 2005) From his bureaucratic experiences, Eisner also began to frown upon the stress on teacher†s â€Å"team meetings,† which he said discouraged effective praxis and only encouraged talk amongst educators. He said such communal sharing of knowledge is useless if the theories that are generated cannot be used to help students. For example, hearing about a colleagues† problems teaching decimals may be instructive, and help all teacher draw on a range of techniques, but a good educator is one who can combine the different techniques and improvise regarding the particular situation and set of student†s needs. Eisner believed that teachers needed to work together, but they also needed to accept criticism from principles and administrators in the classroom, in terms of the results generated by their efforts-just like students should not be so protected from criticism in assessments of their qualitative and quantitative work, either! Eisner stressed that educators must strive discover the truth in real-life situations, experiences and phenomenon. As Eisner himself stated, ‘effective criticism functions as the midwife to perception. It helps it come into being, then later refines it and helps it to become more acute. † (1998, p. 6) Connoisseurship of appreciation of a work of art or a skill, and of our own ability to master a skill may allow us to appreciate a theory, but criticism is also necessary to bring education to the next level. In other words, in the arts, one must make, and learn about previous art, but also accept evaluations of one†s knowledge. In math, students must learn, but also show they can perform and utilize the skills they are taught beyond mere regurgitation. Likewise, teacher education itself must not be purely theoretically based. Good teachers know, says Eisner, that â€Å"even to talk about effectiveness as though it were independent of the kind of intellectual values that schools ought to support, seems ill conceived. Thoughtful educators are not simply interested in achieving known effects; they are interested as much in surprise, in discovery, in the imaginative side of life and its development as in hitting predefined targets achieved through routine procedures. In some sense our aim ought to be to convert the school from an academic institution into an intellectual one. That shift in the culture of schooling would represent a profound shift in emphasis and in direction. † In other words, the elementary school curriculum should invest the same trust in students, and make the same demands of them as higher levels of education, rather than stress rote learning. However, combined with this disdain for rote, Eisner is equally vehement that this experiential learning must always have the fundamentals at its focus. Strain the limits of schooling, test students beyond standardized multiple-choice exams, but do not use these techniques as an excuse for instilling real knowledge in young minds. Idealistic, and perhaps impractical-but an inspiring goal for any teacher, regardless of grade area or subject matter, to reach for.

Emergence of a new nation In a multipolar world: Bangladesh Essay

Analysis of a long period (1947-1971) needed for the independence of Bangladesh is mainly depicted in this book. Analysis of why and how Bangladesh was emergent as a sovereign country in the world is also illustrated here. Number of both internal and external factor that led the liberation war of 1971 also plays a vital role in the analysis. The liberation war 1971 with its final achievements through the sacrifices has remained as a sacred and precious part in the history of Bangladesh. The nine month long a glorious war which was identified as a major land mark in the entire process of evaluation, analytical role of India, erstwhile Soviet Union, USA and China constitute the central content of the work. Internal developments stimulating the rise and consolidation of nationalism are analytically discussed. The focus however is on the international setting of Bangladesh in a relatively short time. The present revised and enlarged edition contains analysis of national and international developments since 1975,which was the cutoff point of this book when published in 1978.Three new chapters included in this enlarged edition dwell on Global, Regional and National changes and developments from 1975-2006.State building, Nation building and Parliamentary Democracy in Bangladesh and terrorism & national security. Read more: Essay About Liberation War of Bangladesh Chapter -1 It describes how the birth of a new state occurred in a polycentric world. The world of the nineteen seventies apparently multipolar can also be described as a ‘Pentarchy’ structure of two triangles in which five dominant power rules. The first triangle is Military, consisting of those states with dominant strength in arms, actual and potential, the United States, the Soviet Union and China. The second triangle consists of three leading powers in the world of economy and finances the United States, Western Europe and Japan. The triangles are asymmetrical and unstable for, while chinas Military power continues to rise, though slow and gradually, the economic position of the United Sates continues to decline relatively, if only proportionately, to those of Western Europe and Japan.The triangles are also complex and inter related. The Military triangle is composed of limited adversaries, whereas the economic triangle consists of limited alliances. The World System since the beginning of seventies has not only registered as marked integration of the cold war collisions but has also been featured by growing challenges to the competence and authority of nation state institutions. The challenges to the existing nation state institutions has been most strident in the so called Third world, where practically every government presides over a multi-ethnic,multi-linguistic and multi-cultural state. That Challenge was crowned with success in a spectacular fashion in the case of Bangladesh at the close of 1971 the caesarean birth of Bangladesh marked the success of the first armed separatist struggle in the post,1945 post-colonial third World. During 1953-1957 the United State was busily making collective security arrangements in an attempt to recruit ‘Allies’ for her confrontation with the communist camp. In south-east Asia the United State sponsor and encouraged the formation of SEATO (The South East Asian Treaty Organization) and CENTO (The Central Treaty Organization). The arrangement was originally viewed by the United States & Thailand as underpinning the inherently with Geneva agreement which recognized the communist-ruled North Vietnam. CENTO also began as a regional security grouping at the behest of Iraq and Britain, but the participation of those northern states of Asia sharing frontiers with the Soviet Union such as Iran, Turkey, Pakistan and the reinsurance, as it were, provided by the United Sates, made CENTO no less than SEATO, a US weapon against her Global adversary, Soviet Union. The birth of Bangladesh-the first state to be born in blood and fire in a polycentric world has been a unique case, as the following analysis shows. There is hypothesis that political factors, rather than economic, ethnic and cultural one, were catalyst of Bangladesh revolution. Chapter -2 From autonomy to secession 1. A brief history about the Muslim rules in India from the late 1200 century to 1957 is described here. Muslim separatism-British rule in India, in general ,was favorable to Hindus. In Bengal, the nineteenth century ,Bengali middle class with Calcutta as its economic, cultural and multi political Mecca, was a Hindu middle class.The Bengali muslim society, at this time, consisted of a thin aristocratic stratum, a small but gradually growing, English educated middle class and a vast, impoverished and illiterate peasantry. 2. Political history of mother tongue-from the beginning of the emergence of Pakistan that was cultural and linguistic discrimination between east and west Pakistan. The Awami Muslim League with other dissident political groups demanded the recognition of political and cultural rights of East Pakistan. When Pakistan tried to impose Urdu, a language as the only speech language of the country, the political parties of East Pakistan and several other organizations opposed these attempts through mass rallies, processions, meetings and demonstration during the period 1942-1952. A number of students lost their lives as a result of police firing on the procession. They became the first martyrs of Bengal for the cause of language, culture and autonomy. 3. Formation of united front government in 1954 and they demanded 21 points. Among other things the most important was full regional autonomy. 4. Proclaimed of martial law in 1958 – President Mirza proclaimed martial law in the country on 7th October’1958.On 27th October he himself was ousted by  General Ayub Khan, who proceeded to build a Unitarian, centralized, dictatorial system with the support and sanction of arm forces. Sheikh Mujib with his lieutenants came out openly in 1966, with their manifesto, called the 6th point program, which outlined a situation of maximum political, economic and administrative autonomy for East Bengal within a confederal Pakistan. 5. Politics under military resumes. 6. Civil world and secession from 25th March to Aug’1971. 7. Gaining of de-facto independence of Bangladesh.